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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision | Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders > Introduction > Delirium > | Substance-Induced Delirium Topics Discussed: alcohol intoxication delirium; alcohol withdrawal delirium; cannabis intoxication delirium; cocaine intoxication delirium; delirium, substance-induced; hallucinogen intoxication delirium; inhalant intoxication delirium; opioid intoxication delirium; phencyclidine intoxication delirium; sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication delirium; sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium.
Excerpt:
"The descriptive features of Substance-Induced Delirium (Criteria
AC) are discussed in Diagnostic Features. In addition, to diagnose Substance-Induced
Delirium, there must be evidence from the history, physical examination,
or laboratory findings of Substance Intoxication or Withdrawal,
medication side effects, or toxin exposure judged to be etiologically
related to the delirium (Criterion D). A delirium that occurs during
Substance Intoxication is diagnosed as Substance Intoxication Delirium,
and a delirium that occurs during Substance Withdrawal is diagnosed
as Substance Withdrawal Delirium. A delirium that is associated
with medication side effects or toxin exposure is diagnosed as Substance-Induced
Delirium (see criteria set for Substance Intoxication Delirium,
Diagnostic criteria for Substance
Intoxication Delirium).Delirium that occurs during Substance Intoxication usually
arises within minutes to hours after taking relatively high doses
of certain drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, and hallucinogens. However,
onset can also be delayed for some substances that can accumulate
over time because they have long half-lives (e.g., diazepam). Usually
the delirium resolves as the intoxication ends or within a few hours
to days. However, the duration may be longer after intoxication
with phencyclidine and might persist for longer periods for individuals
with brain damage, in the elderly, and in individuals taking combinations
of substances. The time between taking a substance and onset of
Intoxication Delirium may be shorter in individuals having poor
clearance (e.g., due to renal or hepatic disease)...."
DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349.8418; 10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349.8429
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